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To sum up, the trainees had reasonable knowledge of basic approaches in teaching literature but further pedagogical training for teaching weak students and handling new literature components need to be strengthened in the future for teacher-training programmes. (4) Generally, the trainees felt confident in teaching the new literature component. (3) Factors influencing the selection of approaches and activities were students’ proficiency and cultural background, availability of information communication technology (ICT) facilities, time, motivation and literary texts. The findings showed that generally, (1) the trainees adopted a combination of approaches and (2) displayed a preference for student- centred activities. Semi-structured interview questions were asked to five ESL trainee teachers. This study explores Malaysian ESL trainee teachers’ selection of approaches and activities in teaching literature, factors behind the selection and their confidence in teaching the component. Teaching the literature component of the English language subject in Malaysian secondary schools has often been considered challenging. Keywords: ADDIE, needs analysis, multi-design research, approach, culture Based on such findings, EFTD is recommended to use as a training materials for FTD who particularly domicile in Yogyakarta.

Third, the result of evaluation towards the designed product showed that EFTD was significantly able to improve FTD’s English competence. Second, based on the results of implementation (training) conducted cyclicaly, EFTD was judged as training materials especially for FTD. First, the needs of the FTD was English for survival needs program for false-begining level. It involved 40 FTD as participants through taxonomic ADDIE procedure which included: (1) analysis (on the FTD needs), (2) designing (prototype of English for Foreign Tourist Drivers/EFTD), (3) developing and (4) implementing (the designed prototype), and (5) evaluating (the developed EFTD). It focuses on designing English training materials especially for foreign tourist drivers (FTD) by using cultural language learning approach (CLLA) in order to preserve Javanese culture as one of Yogyakarta’s missions defined in its 2004-2025 long term development. It was a multi-design research granted by the directorate of higher education. This research aimed at Designing Needs Analysis-Based English Training Materials for Tourist Drivers as a Means of Transportation Service in Yogyakarta.

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